Building Sustainable Supply Chains for Developing Economies.
International production networks have expanded dramatically over the past three decades, enabling many developing countries to integrate into global value chains ( GVCs ). By leveraging comparative advantages in low-cost labor and resource endowments, these countries have increased formal employment and exports. Yet, such gains have often come at the expense of long-term economic, social and environmental sustainability. Industrial conditions today are increasingly dynamic and heterogeneous. While many GVCs are mature and operationally efficient, others are undergoing significant disruption. Climate change, geopolitical tensions and supply chain shocks are amplifying the need for more resilient, diversified and localized production systems. At the same time, digital technologies and services are reshaping patterns of consumption, production and trade across all sectors. For developing countries, adapting to this shifting landscape requires a strategic approach to supply chai...